Dr Helen Hartley is a Medical Director working in Healthcare Management, Bupa Insurance. Before joining Bupa, Helen worked for eight years in medico-legal advisory services and medical underwriting at a leading international healthcare indemnity company. Prior to that, she worked in the NHS, practising anaesthesia for 16 years, seven as a consultant anaesthetist in London. She is interested in clinical governance and patient safety, particularly around the time of surgery, and empowering patients to participate in shared decision-making with healthcare professionals.